Introduction
Histamine sensitivity is a condition that can cause a range of uncomfortable symptoms, often mistaken for allergies or other illnesses. This guide aims to shed light on histamine sensitivity, helping individuals to understand its causes, symptoms, and how to manage it effectively.
What is Histamine?
Histamine is a natural compound involved in various bodily functions, including immune response, digestion, and the central nervous system. It’s a biogenic amine found in various tissues that plays a role in the immune response, acts as a neurotransmitter, and helps regulate stomach acid. It’s produced by the body and found in certain foods (e.g., aged cheeses, fermented products, alcohol).
Causes of Histamine Sensitivity
Histamine sensitivity occurs when there is an imbalance between histamine intake/production and the body's ability to break it down.
- Enzyme Deficiencies: Diamine oxidase (DAO) and histamine-N-methyltransferase (HNMT) are key enzymes that break down histamine. Deficiency in these enzymes can lead to sensitivity
- Gut Health: Imbalances in gut bacteria can affect histamine metabolism
- Other Factors: Medications that inhibit DAO, genetic predispositions, and chronic health conditions can contribute.
Symptoms of Histamine Sensitivity
Symptoms vary widely and can affect multiple systems in the body:
- Gastrointestinal: Bloating, diarrhoea, abdominal pain
- Dermatological: Hives, itching, flushing
- Respiratory: Nasal congestion, sneezing, asthma-like symptoms
- Neurological: Headaches, dizziness, anxiety
- Cardiovascular: High blood pressure, irregular heartbeat.
Foods that trigger histamine
A few foods contain high levels of histamine. They include:
- Fermented alcohol
- Processed meat
- Cheeses
- Sauerkraut
- Tomatoes, aubergine and spinach
- Tropical fruits
- Mackerel, fish, sardines, herring and shellfish
- Strawberries
- Nuts and peanuts
- Licorice
- Chocolate
- Pork
- Egg white
- Colorants and preservatives
- Certain medications
Diagnosing Histamine Sensitivity
Diagnosis can be challenging and typically involves:
Genetic Tests: Measuring DAO activity or Histamine-N-methyltransferase (HNMT) to check for sensitivity to Histamine.
- Medical History: Reviewing symptoms and dietary habits
- Elimination Diet: Temporarily removing high-histamine foods to see if symptoms improve
What to expect from a Nutrigenetics Histamine Sensitivity test
The nutrigenetic test for Histamine Sensitivity examines genetic variants that participate in the metabolism of histamine to detect any genetic factor that could influence the levels of the enzymes involved in the breakdown of histamine: histamine-N-methyltransferase (HNMT) and diamine oxidase (DAO) This test is particularly recommended for those who experience sporadic or persistent symptoms after consuming foods or drinks rich in histamine such as chocolate, fruit citrus, dried fruit, aged cheese and fermented alcoholic beverages (beer and wine, for example). Alternatively testing may be recommended for those who wish to take a personalized approach to managing their diet and histamine-related symptoms.
Knowing your genetic predisposition can help you make informed decisions about food and lifestyle choices.
Managing Symptoms
Effective management often involves multiple approaches:
- Dietary Changes: Following a low-histamine diet by avoiding foods such as aged cheeses, fermented products, and certain alcoholic beverages
- Medications and Supplements: Using antihistamines to block histamine receptors and DAO supplements to help break down histamineLifestyle Modifications: Stress reduction techniques, probiotics, and maintaining good gut health
Living with Histamine Sensitivity
Adapting to histamine sensitivity requires support and practical strategies:
- Coping Strategies: Keeping a symptom diary, meal planning, and educating oneself about low-histamine foods
- Support: Seeking guidance from healthcare providers and joining support groups
- Long-Term Outlook: With proper management, many individuals can lead a normal, symptom-free life
Conclusion
Understanding histamine sensitivity is the first step toward managing it effectively. By recognizing the symptoms, making dietary changes, and seeking appropriate treatment, individuals can significantly improve their quality of life.
